"Running lights" without transistors

You can make a flashing light with the effect of “Running Lights” very simply without transistors, microcircuits and a board in a couple of tens of minutes. A very simple and uncomplicated scheme. Does not require configuration and works immediately after switching on. Alternatively, it can be used to illuminate turn signals, like on expensive cars.

Will need

LEDs 3 V - 9 pieces. It is better to use multi-colored ones.
Resistors 330 ohm - 9 pieces.
Diodes 1N4007 - 8 pieces.
Capacitors 2200 uF - 2 pieces.
6 V relay - 1 piece.

There are no strict requirements for the parts; they can be easily replaced with analogues.

Making running lights without transistors

We make a base from a piece of thick wire and secure it in the “third hand”. This will be the positive tire.

Solder all 9 LEDs "plus" to the conductor over a short distance.

Next we solder to the pins LEDs all resistors are 330 Ohm.

Next, we begin to sequentially solder a chain of diodes: cathode to anode, etc.

The result is an almost completed device that displays the level of voltage applied to it. That is, every step LED signals an increase in voltage by 0.5-0.7 V (depending on the brand of diode). Read more here - https://home.washerhouse.com/en/6043-indikator-urovnja-bez-tranzistorov-bez-mikroshem-i-bez-platy.html
Now we will assemble a generator of periodically repeating pulses from the relay. We take the relay and solder a capacitor to the coil terminal.

Next, we take the second capacitor and solder it between the closed relay terminals and close one contact with the minus of the coil.

Solder to the assembly LEDs.

Solder the power. The blue wire is negative, the red wire is positive.

We supply 9-12 V power and observe an interesting lighting effect.

Job:

As soon as power is supplied to the circuit, the relay contacts open and the LEDs light up at once, since then the current flows through a capacitor soldered into the gap to the relay contacts. It gradually begins to discharge, so the line of LEDs goes out one by one. As soon as the voltage drops to zero, the relay will release the armature and close the contacts, as a result the capacitor will charge and the cycle will repeat. A capacitor that is placed in parallel with the relay is needed to allow the relay to operate until the voltage reaches complete zero.